What is the traditional main component of a traditional ratatouille?

Ratatouille is a classic Provençal dish that traditionally features a medley of vegetables, with eggplant being a significant and defining ingredient. The inclusion of eggplant contributes to the dish's characteristic texture and depth of flavor. It absorbs the spices and other flavors from the accompanying vegetables, making it a rich and satisfying dish.

While tomatoes, peppers, and zucchini are also important components of ratatouille and contribute to its overall flavor profile, eggplant serves as the traditional base ingredient. Its presence is what sets ratatouille apart from similar vegetable dishes, highlighting the dish's roots in Mediterranean cuisine. This emphasis on eggplant reflects the agricultural practices of the region, where this vegetable thrives.